Nursing Care

A B O U R T S

2010-06-05T04:39:00.001-07:00

A. DEFINITIONS
Abortion is the end of pregnancy before the child can live in the outside world. Or
end a pregnancy at age less than 20 weeks of pregnancy and child's weight is less
than 500 grams.

B. CAUSE
1. Because the disorder causes the growth of eggs.
2. Maternal disease:
a. Acute infection: pneumonia, thypus
b. Progesterone hormone deficiency
c. Thyroid disfunction
d. Trauma (surgery, accident)
e. Abnormalities content tools.

C. Signs and symptoms
1. Iminen abortion:
- Bleeding a little bit
- Pain
- On examination there was no opening in
- Not found abnormalities in the cervix.

2. Abortion insipien
- Bleeding a lot (sometimes there are clots)
- Pain due to the strong uterine contractions
- Has occurred opening of the cervix.

3. Abortion incomplete
- The fetus is out but the bleeding still continues because there are still remaining
placenta.
- The cervix remains open, but if left over time will be closed.

4. Complete abortion
- The bleeding will be reduced after the fetus
- Cervical immediately closed again.

5. Abortion infectious
- Fever, sometimes getting shiver
- Lochea stink.

6. Messed abortion
- The uterus is not enlarged, and even smaller
- Smaller breasts again
- Amenorhoe continue.

D. ACTION TO DO
1. Imminens abortion.
- Rest in bed
2. Aboruts insipien
- Oxytocin to stimulate uterine curetase

E. Complications
1. Bleeding
2. Infection
3. Malignant degeneration in the form of chorio ca

Diarrhea

2010-05-27T05:33:00.000-07:00

1. DEFINITIONS diarrhea
Diarrhea is the excess of liquid excrement of routine - day. Diarrhea is very
harmful because it is losing fluid. This situation is likened such as dehydrated
plants, so long - eventually will wither and die. So also with humans, when there
is diarrhea then the body loses fluid and if this condition is not treated it can cause
death.

2. Causes diarrhea
Diarrhea caused by the entry of germs into the body via an intermediary animals,
germs that are in food, water, through the body (do not wash their hands when
eating) Other causes is:
psychological condition is not stable
Foods that stimulate intestinal peristaltic
Spicy foods.Etc.

3. HANDLING diarrhea
Diarrhea causes loss of fluid and electrolytes, so people have given as much fluid
to replace fluid might lost. As a first aid can be given water to drink as much as
possible, besides that it should be given in the form of a liquid electrolyte oralit. If
there is no oralit, biased using salt sugar solution. How to manufacture as follows:
a teaspoon of sugar, one-quarter teaspoon salt, dissolved in a glass of boiled water
(200 cc). The next patient was given a drink

4. NUTRITION FOR patient diarrhea
Peristaltic bowel condition that is not possible, it should be given soft food to help
the peristaltic bowel. For babies who are breast-feeding, breast milk is given and
fixed in dilute Pasi.

5. PREVENTION diarrhea
Wash your hands before and after meals
Closing the food and beverage
Wash food / vegetables
Always drink water that is cooked
Maintain personal hygiene
Maintain a healthy environment: The house, brook water, garbage and waste in
place is closed
Eat healthy foods / nutritious 

When you have first aid efforts done but diarrhea still continues immediately take
the patient to the nearest health center

2010-05-14T05:05:00.000-07:00

HYPERTENSION

DEFINITIONS
Understanding 140 mm Hg and diastolic bloodHypertension is systolic blood pressure
90 mm Hg, or if patients were taking antihypertensive drugs. pressure (Capita Selekta
Medicine, 2001).
Based on the cause:
1. Essential hypertension or primary hypertension of unknown cause or idiopathic
hypertension is also called. There are approximately 95% of cases.
2. Secondary hypertension or renal hypertension, there are known specific causes about 5%
of cases.
Lethal effects of hypertension mainly caused by three things:
1. Excess workload on the heart, which cause early development of congestive heart
disease, coronary heart disease or both, which often causes death from a heart attack.
2. High pressure often causes rupture major blood vessels in the brain, followed by death
in most of the brain, a condition called cerebral infarction, which is clinically known as the
"stroke". Depending on which part of the brain affected, stroke can cause paralysis,
blindness, dementia, or a variety of serious brain disorders other.
3. High pressure almost always causes a variety of bleeding in the kidneys, causing
damage to the kidney area, and ultimately kidney failure, urine mixed with blood and
death. (Medical Physiology textbook, 1997)

CAUSED
a. Essential hypertension is the hypertension of unknown cause
b. Kidney disease
c. The influence of pregnancy
d. Endocrine disorders
e. Cigarettes and Coffee
Hypertension risk factors are factors that when more and more accompanies the patient can
cause the person will suffer from high blood pressure is even tougher. There are risk
factors that can be avoided or changed, and there is also unavoidable. Risk factors that can
not be avoided or changed are descendants / genetics, ethnicity and age. Various risk
factors that can be avoided because it can aggravate conditions such as hypertension foods
containing fat and high cholesterol, salt, salty foods or marinated, meat goats, durian fruit,
drink excessive alcohol, food and beverages that contain preservatives, cigarette , coffee,
overweight (obesity) and stress (MKI. 2000: 58).

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
There are symptoms that should not be ignored by sufferers of high blood pressure because
the symptoms are associated with organs that suffer losses due to uncontrolled
hypertension, among other things: attack dizziness, stiffness, loss of balance, morning
headaches, deteriorating eyesight, it is together indicate a problem with blood circulation in
the brain. Paralysis of limbs, especially the body or one of the face, or one hand, or a
decreased ability to speak can be a warning sign of stroke. Panting at the time worked, with
chest pain radiating to the jaw, arm, back or upper abdomen, a sign of the beginning of
chest pain. Difficulty breathing can be a sign associated with high blood pressure, heart
failure. Often wake up every night to urinate and more and more often out of urine during
the day can be the first sign of kidney disorders (Tom Smith. 1986: 144).
a. Dizziness
b. Stiff neck
c. Blood pressure above normal, which is above 160/95 mmHg measured at several times
in a row
d. Body feels weak
e. Easily upset or emotional
f. Cold sweats
g. Can happen stroke, visual impairment, kidney failure, and CHD.

PREVENTION
Prevention of hypertension in general can be divided into two types of non-
pharmacological management, and pharmacological. Non-pharmacological treatment as
important as pharmacological treatment, especially in mild hypertension, among others by
losing weight and reducing salt intake,
a. Check your blood pressure regularly
b. Keep your weight
c. Quitting smoking and drinking coffee
d. Stop drinking
e. Conduct adequate physical exercise
f. Avoid stress as much as possible
g. Get plenty of rest (sleep, vacation)
h. Obey instructions from the drugs your doctor

Prevention of hypertension in general can be divided into two types of non-
pharmacological management, and pharmacological. Non-pharmacological treatment as
important as pharmacological treatment, especially in mild hypertension, among others by
losing weight and reducing salt intake, avoid smoking, drinking alcohol, stress
hiperlipedemia and (MKI. 2000: 60).

ASTHMA BRONKIALE II

2010-02-12T22:45:00.000-08:00

d. Complications
• Threaten the acid base balance disturbances and failed breath
• Persistent Chronic bronchitis
• Bronchiolistis
• Pneumonia
• Emphysema

e. Therapeutic Treatment
• Acute attacks with oxygen nasal or face mask
• parenteral fluid therapy
• appropriate treatment therapy program;
Beta2-agonist to reduce bronkospasme:
Albuterol (proventil, Ventolin):
By administering oxygen, an oral dose; 0.1 mg / kg every 8 hours; Nebulizer; 0.15 mg / kg per dose in the normal 2ml copy; 1 or 2 inhalations every 4-6 hours sucks. The effect: tachycardia, palpitations, headaches, nauseous, dysrhythmia, tremors, hypertension and insomnia. Nursing Interventions: explain to parents about the side effects and how to do therapy fisio Nebulizer and chest.
Terbutalin:
Dosage: 2-6 years of age: 0.15 mg / kg three akli day (no more than 5 mg per day); 6-14 years; 2 mg three times daily (not more than 24 mg per day); 14 years and adult; 2-6 mg / kg in three akli a day or four times a day (no more than 32 mg per day); inhalation; 1 or 2 layers every 4-6 hours; Nebulizer; 0,5-1,5 mg every 4 -6 hours. Side effects; tachycardia and dizzy head, tremors or shaking, nausea and insomnia.
Metaprotenol (alupen, metaprel):
Dosage: 0,3-0,5 mg / kg per dose every 6-8 hours, maximum 20 mg per dose. Side effects; tachycardia, palpitations, hypertension, trembling, weakness, headaches, nausea, vomiting, mouth discomfort.
Bronchodilators:
Bronchus and bronchial Dilates, reduce bronkospasme, and enhance airway clearance. Theophylline ethylenediamine (Aminophylline):
Dosage; on the client without thophylline, dose; 6 mg / kg and by intravenous; 6-9 months of age; 1,0-1,2 mg / kg / hr age 9-12 hours; 0,9-1,0 mg / kg / hr 12-16 years of age :0,6-0, 7 mg / kg / hr

Giving to the flow of intravenous fluids should not exceed 25 mg per minute. Effect addition, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, palpitations, gastrointestinal irritation, central nervous system; symptom toxic; frequent vomiting, mild fever, thirst, palpitations, tinnitus, and seizures

ASTHMA BRONKIALE

2010-02-12T21:05:00.000-08:00

ASTHMA BRONKIALE
a. Definition
Asthma is also called reactive air way disease (RAD), is a disease of the airway obstruction is marked by reversible the bronchospasme, inflammation, and increased airway reaction to various stimuli.

b. Etiology
• Extrinsic factors: antigen-antibody reaction; because allergen inhalation (dust, pollen,dust, animal fur)
• Factors instrinsik; infection: the influenza virus, pneumonia, mycoplasmial. Then from the physical: the cold air, changes in temperature. Irritant; chemistry. Air pollution (CO, smoke, perfume). Emotional; scared, anxious, and tense. Excessive activity can also be a trigger factor.

c. Symptoms
• Wheezing
• dyspnea with expiratory time; use of accessory muscles of breathing, nostrils, retracted his chest, and Stridor
• Dry cough (productive) because the secret thick and narrow the airway lumen
• Tachypnea
• Nervous
• Diaphorosis
• Pain abdomen for involvement in respiratory muscle abdomen
• Fatigue
• Not tolerant of activity; eating, playing, walking, even talking
• Anxiety, unstable and changing levels of consciousness
• Increased anteroposterior diameter (barrel chest)
• The attack is a sudden or gradual

Head Injury II

2009-12-21T04:05:00.000-08:00

4. More careful in the work that can cause head injury.as I've mentioned in my previous posting on this blog, so I will describe more about head injuries..
SIGNS OF HEAD INJURY
• Loss of consciousness up to 30 minutes or more.
• Confusion.
• Pallor
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Dizziness head
• There is a hematoma, or bleeding
• Anxiety / nervous.

TYPE-TYPE HEAD INJURY
1. Minor head injury / mild.
2. Head injury was.
3. Severe head injury.

HEAD INJURY TREATMENT WHEN VICTIMS of crime scene
1. Determining the number of accident victims.
2. Assessing the level of consciousness.
3. Opening any protective headgear like helmets with neck technique not to move.
4. Launched the airway by the head tilted, mouth open, clean up the blood spill, the foreign object.
5. After free airway as much as possible attention to the frequency, normally between 16 to 18 X / min
6. If there is a great bleeding immediately closed / dressing area so that no bleeding continuously
7. Do not carelessly lifted the victim from the scene
8. Immediately call ambulance
9. Take the victim to the hospital.

HOW TO MAINTENANCE CLIENTS AFTER HEAD INJURY BRINGING IT HOME?
1. Maintain cleanliness of the client's limbs.
2. Adequate rest during the healing process.
3. Consumption of rich foods that contain calories and protein for post-surgical healing.
4. More careful in the work that can cause head injury.
5. Use a helmet that can really protect your head.
6. Do not drive a motor vehicle in a high speed.

Head Injury

2009-12-17T10:15:00.000-08:00

We would have never experienced an accident that is difficult to forget by ourselves, whether it was an accident severe, moderate or mild. In an accident we would have heard if the person has a brain concussion or not?. In terms of health in the world no concussion brain, but the head injury. A Here I will provide knowledge about the treatment of head injury itself, a good understanding, causes, signs & symptoms, treatment of head injuries when the victim at the scene, and most importantly how to care of the patient's head injuries after being taken home.
HEAD INJURY DEFINITIONS
Head injury is a traumatic disruption of brain function with or without accompanying interstitial bleeding in the brain substance without breaking the continuity of the brain followed.
Head injury is a trauma to the area scalp, skull or brain injury caused by or accidents whether directly or indirectly to the head (Suriati and Rita Yuliani, 2001).
HEAD INJURY CAUSE
• Accidents, falls, motorcycle accident or bicycle and car
• Accidents at sports, children with addiction
• Injuries due to violence.